Bone grafts in Dentistry: types, indications and challenges in oral rehabilitation

Abstract

Alveolar bone loss following tooth loss often requires bone grafts to enable dental implants. Several factors, such as trauma and periodontal diseases, trigger these bone defects, highlighting the importance of grafts in Dentistry. The types of grafts vary, including natural ones (autografts, allografts, xenografts) and synthetic ones, each with advantages and disadvantages. Choosing between these options depends on factors such as donor tissue availability, potential risks, and patient preferences. In addition to grafts, overdentures are a less invasive alternative for oral rehabilitation. The choice between bone grafts and overdentures is influenced by each patient's individual circumstances. Careful assessment and a patient-centered approach are essential in determining the best treatment strategy. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a literature review to evaluate the different types of bone grafts used in Dentistry, their schedules and challenges.