Uprighting of molars with mini-implants: a literature review

Abstract

We are increasingly faced with complex cases and loss of dental elements, reflecting the growing increase in adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study is to present a literature review regarding the use of mini-implants in orthodontic anchorage, presenting their characteristics, indications, advantages, disadvantages, the biomechanical possibilities for performing molar uprighting, as well as their clinical applications. The absence of the lower first molars for a long period, caused by early loss, leads to mesial angulation of the second molars and distal angulation of the lower premolars, in addition to bone defects, loss of space and occlusal interferences. Another etiological factor is the lack of space in the posterior region, which causes impaction of the second molar. For orthodontic movement in these cases, tooth-supported anchorage and mini-implants are used. Tooth-supported anchorage devices for uprighting promote side effects. The use of orthodontic mini-implants makes their verticalization more predictable and with fewer possible side effects. In view of the above, it is necessary to verticalize these teeth, seeking to reestablish a balanced occlusion, opening or closing spaces.