Down syndrome a challenge in Orthodontics

Abstract

The objective of this study is to describe the most prevalent malocclusions in individuals with Down syndrome, their main treatments, and the importance of the orthodontist in the care team for these patients. Down syndrome is a genetic condition characterized by an imbalance in the chromosomal constitution. It was first described in the literature in 1866 by the English physician John Langdon Down. The most prevalent malocclusions in Down syndrome are due to the underdevelopment of the maxilla and/or mandible, due to mouth breathing and tongue thrust. The most prevalent malocclusion is Angle Class III, unilateral/bilateral, anterior or posterior crossbites, and dental crowding in the deciduous dentition. Early orthodontic intervention helps to improve the balance and craniofacial development of these children. However, in cases where early intervention was not possible, compensatory Orthodontics or orthosurgical preparation are shown to be efficient alternatives that improve the quality of life of these individuals.