Traction of impacted canines: innovations, challenges and therapeutic perspectives - a literature review

Abstract

This study reviews the main techniques, challenges, and innovations in the management of impacted canines, a highly relevant condition in dentistry due to the functional and aesthetic importance of these teeth in the dental arch. The review addresses the prevalence of impacted canines, their multifactorial causes, and associated complications, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and well-planned therapeutic interventions. In addition to anatomical and genetic factors, biomechanical aspects and the impact of maxillomandibular skeletal discrepancies on the etiology of impaction are discussed. Technological advancements such as cone-beam computed tomography, temporary anchorage devices, and the VISTA Protocol, combined with digital planning and the use of technologies such as CAD/CAM and artificial intelligence, have optimized biomechanical control and promoted more predictable and less invasive outcomes. Additionally, the need for an interdisciplinary approach to address potential complications, such as root resorption and aesthetic alterations, is emphasized to ensure greater treatment efficiency and improved clinical outcomes. It is concluded that progress in the management of impacted canines depends not only on technological innovations but also on personalized planning, continuous monitoring, and the refinement of orthodontic-surgical techniques, along with expanded access and ongoing education for the effective implementation of these practices.