Stability of correction of complete Class II malocclusion after extraction of maxillary premolars - literature review

Abstract

Class II is characterized by skeletal and dentoalveolar alterations, which can be isolated or a combination of both. This has a multifactorial etiology, highlighting the pattern of maxillary and mandibular growth and dentoalveolar development, resulting in a sum of clinical alterations and degrees of severity. Currently, treatment options for complete upper Class II are limited to extraction of two upper premolars or treatment without extraction, using other mechanics. Occlusal maintenance and stability are important objectives in orthodontic treatment, however, the stability of the results obtained in the long term is the most difficult goal to be achieved. To review in the literature the occlusal stability in patients with complete Class II malocclusion after extraction of upper premolars. In the treatment for correction of Class II there are several protocols, among them, the extraction of two upper premolars. These are indicated in cases of severe crowding, reduced protrusion, lack of patient cooperation and when there is functional and aesthetic impairment. When poorly executed, they contribute to the occurrence of relapses, compromising the stability of long-term treatment. The final result and its stability are directly influenced by the choice of treatment protocol. The extraction of upper premolars reduces treatment time, but does not influence the final stability after orthodontic correction, as no differences were observed in terms of occlusal stability when compared to other protocols. Although there are variables that influence the result, it is important to choose the most effective treatment.